Monday, February 29, 2016

Mahakala Invocation.



Mahakala Prayer,

... either this is Mahakala Invocation as well,
... or something a very similar as well.


Mahakala is also called 'Black Coat',
... perhaps 'Black Cloak' as well.

Mahakala is:
- Protecting Energy in Buddhism,
- Buddhist Guardian,
- Wrathful Deity in Buddhism.


--


Summoning a Guard,
Black Coat.


A small book on a image above contains introduction, conclusion, descriptions, images, words & translation related with Mahakala Invocation.

There's something about Radiant Godess in this a book as well.


... see also, if You wish or need, ... : Mahakala Invocation (more complete, on a Buddhist blog), Lord Shiva.

Friday, February 26, 2016

A Dreamcatcher Rite.




... what people dream about?

... what can be learned from one's dreams?

... how a newfound knowledge can be used to gain an advantage ... how to not hurt as well?

... 'Know Yourself, Know Enemy' ... but who or what is a Real Enemy?

... how a concept of 'ego' is related?

... do people fear spiders?

... how can Lucid Dreaming (LD), Out of Body Experiences (OoBE) & Tibetan Dream Yoga called Milam be most beneficial, that way as well?

A Clairvoyant Rite, 2nd Stage.



After playing an initial Clairvoyant Rite (1st Stage), we add a little of Protection.

Queen of Pentacles, associated with Protection, the Element of Earth, & Thoughts' Mind Aspect will also benefit from Air Energy (Power) Transmission.

(click, if You wish or need, to see details).

Using that Protection as base (it's below), Queen of Cups (Queen of Hearts) can do her work associated with the Element of Water, but also with Feelings.

---
Athamé is aiming upwards, directing energy upwards, to the throat of the Queen.

... the throat chakra (energy centre) is responsible for speech, for spellcasting as well, i think.

Athamé is aiming upwards, for a Queen is above, as a Star, above the Skies of Air.

---


... in earth & water, in mud, caressed by a spiritual winds, a lotus flower can grow safely.

... there's a little of fire & light, however, still.

Three Arts Way.

... i am not only a Buddhist but also trying to be a practicioner of Magickal Ways.

Three Arts Way, for Hermes Trismegistos is Hermes Thrice Great:
- Practical Art, Witchcraft,
- High Art, Hermetic,
- Tantra Art, Diamond Way Buddhism & not only.

... i am a Virtual Adept still, however, it's Hermetic Way.
... Akasha is there as well.

Tantra are holy texts & practices, i think Buddhism has Magickal practices as well.

Hermetic Way includes Kabbalah & Alchemy, i think.

TAROT is related with all of the Three Arts.


... see also, if You wish or need, ... : Virtual Adepts, Many - Aspected Spirtual Way.

Thursday, February 25, 2016

Lotus & Sword, Buddha Families.

Five Buddha Families.
- Lotus,
- Jewel,
- Buddha,
- Sword,
- Diamond.

... Buddha Families are related to what they do, used to express the blissful union of enlightened male and female qualities.


Lotus Buddha Family.

Conversion of Attachment.
Discriminating Wisdom.

- Color: Red.
- Element: Fire.
- Hand posture: meditation (two hands together, right on left).
- Associated symbol: Lotus.
- Direction: West.
- Syllable: HRI.
- Discriminating Wisdom.
- example: Limitless Light.


Sword Buddha Family.

Conversion of Jealousy.
Wisdom of Experience.

- Color: Green.
- Element: Wind (movement).
- Hand posture: gesture of fearlessness (right hand at shoulderheight, palms forward).
- Associated symbol: Sword.
- Direction: North.
- Syllable: AH.
- Wisdom of Experience.
- example: Meaningful Accomplishment.

it's also written on 'Producing Buddhism' a blog.

Laozi.



Laozi
老子



Master Moon.

Laozi (also Lao-Tzu /ˈlaʊˈdzʌ/ or Lao-Tze) was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer.

He is known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching and the founder of philosophical Taoism, and as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions.

Although a legendary figure, he is usually dated to around the 6th century BCE and reckoned a contemporary of Confucius, but some historians contend that he actually lived during the Warring States period of the 5th or 4th century BCE.

A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is claimed by both the emperors of the Tang dynasty and modern people of the Li surname as a founder of their lineage.

Throughout history, Laozi's work has been embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements.


Tao Te Ching.

Laozi is traditionally regarded as the author of the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching), though the identity of its author(s) and/or compiler(s) has been debated throughout history.

It is one of the most significant treatises in Chinese cosmogony.

As with most other ancient Chinese philosophers, Laozi often explains his ideas by way of paradox, analogy, appropriation of ancient sayings, repetition, symmetry, rhyme, and rhythm. In fact, the whole book can be read as an analogy – the ruler is the awareness, or self, in meditation and the myriad creatures or empire is the experience of the body, senses and desires.

The Tao Te Ching, often called simply Laozi after its reputed author, describes the Dao (or Tao) as the source and ideal of all existence: it is unseen, but not transcendent, immensely powerful yet supremely humble, being the root of all things. People have desires and free will (and thus are able to alter their own nature). Many act 'unnaturally', upsetting the natural balance of the Dao. The Daodejing intends to lead students to a 'return' to their natural state, in harmony with Dao. Language and conventional wisdom are critically assessed. Taoism views them as inherently biased and artificial, widely using paradoxes to sharpen the point.

Livia Kohn provides an example of how Laozi encouraged a change in approach, or return to 'nature', rather than action. Technology may bring about a false sense of progress. The answer provided by Laozi is not the rejection of technology, but instead seeking the calm state of wu wei, free from desires. This relates to many statements by Laozi encouraging rulers to keep their people in 'ignorance', or 'simple-minded'. Some scholars insist this explanation ignores the religious context, and others question it as an apologetic of the philosophical coherence of the text. It would not be unusual political advice if Laozi literally intended to tell rulers to keep their people ignorant. However, some terms in the text, such as 'valley spirit' (gushen) and 'soul' (po), bear a metaphysical context and cannot be easily reconciled with a purely ethical reading of the work.

Wu wei (無爲), literally 'non-action' or 'not acting', is a central concept of the Daodejing. The concept of wu wei is multifaceted, and reflected in the words' multiple meanings, even in English translation; it can mean 'not doing anything', 'not forcing', 'not acting' in the theatrical sense, 'creating nothingness', 'acting spontaneously', and 'flowing with the moment.'

It is a concept used to explain ziran (自然), or harmony with the Dao. It includes the concepts that value distinctions are ideological and seeing ambition of all sorts as originating from the same source. Laozi used the term broadly with simplicity and humility as key virtues, often in contrast to selfish action. On a political level, it means avoiding such circumstances as war, harsh laws and heavy taxes. Some Taoists see a connection between wu wei and esoteric practices, such as zuowang 'sitting in oblivion' (emptying the mind of bodily awareness and thought) found in the Zhuangzi.

Some of Laozi's famous sayings include:

'When goodness is lost, it is replaced by morality.'

'Without Darkness, there can be no Light.'

'The usefulness of a pot comes from its emptiness.'

'The best people are like water, which benefits all things and does not compete with them. It stays in lowly places that others reject. This is why it is so similar to the Way.'

'When people see some things as beautiful, other things become ugly. When people see some things as good, other things become bad.'

'Try to change it and you will ruin it. Try to hold it and you will lose it.'

'Those who know do not say. Those who say do not know.'

'A journey of a thousand miles starts under one's feet.'

'The more that laws and regulations are given prominence, the more thieves and robbers there will be.'

— Laozi, Tao Te Ching.


Taoism.

Laozi is traditionally regarded as the founder of Taoism, intimately connected with the Daodejing and 'primordial' (or 'original') Taoism. Popular ('religious') Taoism typically presents the Jade Emperor as the official head deity. Intellectual ('elite') Taoists, such as the Celestial Masters sect, usually present Laozi (Laojun, 'Lord Lao') and the Three Pure Ones at the top of the pantheon of deities.


Source: Laozi on Wikipedia.

... see also, if You wish or need, ... : Modesty in the Eyes.

Wednesday, February 24, 2016

Chasing the Sun.




The Wanted - Chasing the Sun.





Sun Tzu's.


... hypnotized by guns,
... or ... hypnotized by drums?
... drumming of the guns?


... Sun Tzu, 'Master Sun', is the Battlefield, but not only.

... let's not forget about a mysterious Lao Tzu, 'Master Moon', however.


see also, if You wish or need, ... :
- Three Rules of Gunfighting (Abstracted),
- Laozi.


Saturday, February 20, 2016

Magickal Language.

- ... why Magick?
- because it can help?

- help in what?
- to explain & let others understand ... even better with Art.

- can you give me a example?
- yes ... too much of computer sciences is to hard to understand in a short time by most, it's black magick to them ... but then, Magickal language allows to explain it better that way.

(to be continued, perhaps).

Thursday, February 18, 2016

Star Metal Knife, Athamé.

      'Aristotle added aether as the quintessence, rationalizing that whereas Fire, Earth, Air, and Water were earthly and corruptible, the stars were eternal ('aether' is based on Greek for eternity) and were thus not made out of any of the four elements but rather a heavenly substance.';

... questions & ideas that appear in my mind:

- is Athamé a star metal knife ?
- can it hold spiritual energies for using when needed or neccessary ?
- is it beautiful, as stars ?
- is it aligned with a noble energies of Air, Earth, Fire & Water ?
- can it's beauty, as well as star matter reform once gone, after a time ?
- ...

... see also, if you wish or need, ... : Elemental Correspondences, Quintessence.




Monday, February 15, 2016

Alchemy by neo-mahakala-108.

... i know i am not of greatests in this a study yet, but that's how i see for now:


Alchemy Levels:
- as soon as Element(s) are involved, it's Alchemy as well ... Alchemy Level 0,
- four Elements with Spirit is Alchemy Level 1,
- as soon as Ether is Added, it's Alchemy Level 2,
- there's probably much more.


Elements:
- Air: there's Air, Air with Spirit (kether), Air with a lot of Spirit & Ether (vāyu-dhātu, tiphareth, yesod),
- Earth: there's Earth, Earth with Spirit, Earth with Spirit & Ether (pruṭhavī-dhātu, malkuth, geode, bhūmi),
- Fire: there's Fire, Fire with Spirit (chokmah) Fire with Spirit & Ether (teja-dhātu, netzach, geburah, agni),
- Water: there's Water, Water with Spirit (binah), Water with Spirit & Ether (āpa-dhātu, hod, chesed, ap) & more mysteries as well.

... in parentheses there are names of elements' sources, including Sephiroth, a plural form of a Hebrew word Sephira, meaning 'Number', 'Word', or 'Emanation' ... including Mahābhūta as well.


Paths:
- Air (9, YESOD, LUNA), Earth (10, MALKUTH, EARTH), Fire (7, NETZACH, VENUS), Water (8, HOD, MERCURY), Air (6, TIPHARETH, SUN), Fire (5, GEBURAH, MARS).


The 10 Sephiroth:



Tree of Life.



... see also if You wish or need, ... : Tree of Life & Genders.


Kether - 'Crown'; the equilibrated power; the magician, the First Arcanum of the TAROT whose primeval hieroglyph is represented by a man.

Chokmah - 'Wisdom'; the Popess of the TAROT; occult wisdom, the Priestess. The second card of the TAROT; the moon; the primeval hieroglyph is represented by the mouth of a man.

Binah - 'Intelligence'; the planet Venus; thrid card of the TAROT, the Empress, primeval hieroglyph is represented by a hand in the attitude of grasping.

These three Sepiroth are the Sephirotic Crown.


The seven inferior Sepiroth come in the following order:

Chesed - 'Mercy'; Jupiter, the Divine Being, Atman, whose primeval hieroglyph is represented by a breast. The fourth card of the TAROT, the Emperor.

Geburah - 'Severity'; the Buddhic body of the Man, the Pope or the Hierophant of the TAROT, Mars, the warrior of Aries.

Tiphereth - 'Beauty,' Venus of Taurus, love of the Holy Spirit, the Causal Body of the Man, the sixth card of the TAROT, the Lover.

Netzach - 'Victory,' Justice of the Arcanum, the seventh card of the TAROT, the chariot, Saturn.

Hod - 'Glory,' Mercury of Gemini, the eighth card of the TAROT, the Eternity of all.

Yesod - 'Foundation,' Luna, the ninth cards of the TAROT.

Malkuth - 'Kingdom,' the entire universe, Mary or Virgo, Nature.

These ten Sepiroth live within our Being and are our inner solar system.

Source: 'Alchemy and Kabbalah in the Tarot' by Samael Aun Weor.


(unfinished a post, ... will be elaborated, abstracted & simplified as soon as i can).

Sunday, February 14, 2016

Saturday, February 13, 2016

Danger Level Confirmed, HACKINT.

... it's still a danger, but not a threat yet.

building blocks:
- Anonymous SSH Hack,
- Dictionary SSH Hack,
- Denial of Service Hack,
- Disconnecting Wireless,
- Hacking Wireless,
- Dictionary Webapp Hack,
- ... buffer overlov,
- Buffer Overflow - Exploit,
- Hack: Simplest of Backdoors,
- What is a Rootkit?

... there's more as well, if You look ... You'll learn.

it's also written there: Danger Level Confirmed, HACKINT.

'Poker Face', Lady Gaga.

Ace of Hearts, The Card.

Suit of Cups (Chalices).

... the suit of cups or suit of goblets is one of the four suits of latin-suited playing cards. these are used in spain ("copas"), italy ("coppe") and in TAROT. the suit of hearts is derived from the suit of cups.

these are sometimes referred to as chalices as well as cups.

Source: Suit of cups on Wikipedia.


(... still a unfinished article, will write more as soon as i can).

Friday, February 12, 2016

Lamps.

... it's a technomagic of light, increased security against a dark.


   


A Clairvoyant Rite.



it's a small rite for clairvoyance,

All under a Nitescence paint, Art of Magic, nevertheless.

Loving Eyes Meditation book is at base, for compassion is source of strength.

Mahakala Invocation book is on top, for it forms with that.

Athamé is on top, it use these base way.

Athamé points at a TAROT stack, transmitting Energy of Air.

Knowledge is base of stack, it's TAROT Knowledge book.

Then TAROT deck packed, with the Queen of Cups on top.

Queen of Cups is a Symbol, feminine sensivity & goblet ... filled with liquid as mirror, it can be used to Scry.

Athamé is Ace of Swords still, a Spiritual Weapon for Truth.

it's not consecrated yet still, but still this has power as well.

it's a preparation rite,

... i do other things as well.

Tuesday, February 9, 2016

Elemental Correspondences.

Classical elements in Greece.

The classical elements represent in Greek philosophy, science, and medicine the possible constituents of the cosmos.

Plato mentions them as of Pre-Socratic origin, a list created by the ancient philosopher Empedocles.





Air.

... is both hot and wet.

Body humours: blood.

Science: a gas.

Associations: thought, mental power, communication, travel, intellect, abstract thinking, teaching, divination, freedom, happiness, laughter, beginnings.

Magical Power: to know.

Animals: butterfly, bat, dragonfly, eagle, hawk, hummingbird, owl, most birds and flying insects.


Fire.

... is both hot and dry.

Body humours: yellow bile.

Science: a plasma.

Associations: action, the will, passion, sex, lust , anger, desire, energy, work, purification, destruction, strength, protection.

Magical Power: to will.

Animals: lion, tiger, lizards.


Water.

... is both cold and wet.

Body humours: phlegm.

Science: a liquid.

Associations: emotions, dreams, compassion, love, sadness, psychism, healing, rest, cleansing, dissolution, astral travel, death/rebirth.

Magical Power: to dare.

Animals: dolphin, jellyfish, otter, fish, all aquatic creatures.


Earth.

... is both cold and dry.

Body humours: black bile.

Science: a solid.

Associations: stability, prosperity, food, money , wealth, crops, animals, home, mountains, strength, grounding, protection, nature, death/rebirth.

Magical Power: to be silent.

Animals: bear, coyote, deer, wolf, most four-legged, animals that go by night.


Spirit.

... it's also called: 'quintessence'.

Associations: unification, magic, change, transformation, alchemy, divinity.

Animals: snake, spider.


Aether.

Aristotle added aether as the quintessence, rationalizing that whereas Fire, Earth, Air, and Water were earthly and corruptible, the stars were eternal ('aether' is based on Greek for eternity) and were thus not made out of any of the four elements but rather a heavenly substance.

... at this moment, i am not ready to post more.


Source: Air-Fire-Water-Earth-Spirit, Elements From Thelemapedia.

Monday, February 8, 2016

Witches' Tools of the Trade; Athamé.



A Spider Athamé.



Tools of the Trade.

Witches sometimes cast spells using only the power of their minds or their words. Charms and incantations, for instance, are spoken spells. All they require is that words be articulated - aloud or silently. However, over the centuries, certain tools have become important components of spell-casting and witchery. Many are familiar to the general public, others may be less familiar.

(...)

Not all witches use all of the tools that are closely identified with witches and witchcraft.

(...)

It must be pointed out, however that if a witch of practicioner uses any tool consistently in his or her magical work, that tool, whatever it is, is transformed into a magical tool.


Athamé.

An athamé, (pronounced a-tham-ay or ath-may) is a ritual knife. Symbols, such as runes or sigils, may be engraved or painted onto the handle. It is usually black-handled, and has a double-edged steel blade. Whether that blade is sharp or dull is irrelevant because the athamé is not intended as a cutting tool and is never used to draw blood.

  The athamé is among the standard tools of Wicca. Although the use of ritual knives, daggers, or swords is common to many magical traditions, the name and concept of the athamé is almost exclusively Wiccan or Wiccan-influenced. Among many other uses, an athamé is used to cast ritual circles and direct magical energy.

-- paraphrased from 'The Weiser Field Guide to witches...' by Judika Illes.


My Athamé.

With a black blade and handle, this athame uses the powerful symbolism of the spider, representing the arachnid’s guile, ingenuity, and predatory aspects.

5 1/2” - 2 1/2” blade.

Had insights explaining that Spider can be spelled as 'Spi-rit ther-e'.

Athamé is associated with element of Air, but some disagree.

Air Element has power over thoughts & communication, hacking & ESP included, among other ... i do not wish to reveal more for now.

It can support sensing threats in Mind as well, as with Raven' Eyes a spell.

It can support in protecting spiders, imparts abilities of guile, so it's subtle & can misdirect, confuse.

It can support in catching thoughts as a prey, ... for it's predatory.

It can support in caught thought analysis & discovery as well, it's ingenious & intelligent as well.


see also, if You wish or need, ... : Athamé Consecration, Ace of Swords, The Card, Which is Fire, Which is Air?, Uses of the Athamé.




Tuesday, February 2, 2016

Raven Eyes.




just had insight & i thought i'll share.

how to describe psychic, magickal & esoteric perceptions, as clairaudience, telepathic insights, or a warning foretells in a poetic way?

perhaps with 'bird's eyes', as birds can fly & see far.

there are many birds & perceptions, for ravens for example can see dangers, fights, troubles & death.

i think that ability to sense dangers can be useful on Mahakala Way, as a Protecting Activity.

Lord Shiva.

Master of Meditation & Yoga.



i read that Lord Shiva is master of both Meditation & Yoga.


Mahadeva.

Shiva (/ˈʃivə/; Sanskrit: Śiva, meaning 'The Auspicious One', also known as Mahadeva ('Great God'), is one of the three major deities of Hinduism. Shiva is distinct from Vishnu and Brahma yet one with them. He is Anant, one who is neither found born nor found dead. He is the Greatest of the Gods within Shaivism, one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism. He is one of the five primary forms of God in the Smarta Tradition, and 'the Transformer'.

At the highest level, Shiva is regarded as limitless, transcendent, unchanging and formless. Shiva also has many benevolent and fearsome forms. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient Yogi who lives an ascetic life on Mount Kailash, as well as a householder with wife Parvati and his two children, Ganesha and Kartikeya, and in fierce aspects, he is often depicted slaying demons. Shiva is also regarded as the patron god of yoga and arts.

The main iconographical attributes of Shiva are the third eye on his forehead, the snake Vasuki around his neck, the adorning crescent moon, the holy river Ganga flowing from his matted hair, the trishula trident as his weapon and the damaru drum as his musical instrument.


Mantras.

Five is a sacred number for Shiva. One of his most important mantras has five syllables (namaḥ śivāya).

Shiva's body is said to consist of five mantras, called the pañcabrahmans. As forms of God, each of these have their own names and distinct iconography.

According to Śaiva Agama, Lord Shiva performs five actions - creation, preservation, dissolution, concealing grace, and revealing grace. Each of the five actions corresponds to a name and form of Shiva with varying attributes. These five names are:

Sadyojāta - Creation. Earth.
Vāmadeva - Preservation. Water.
Aghora - Dissolution/Rejuvenation. Fire.
Tatpuruṣa - Concealing Grace. Air.
Īsāna - Revealing Grace. Ether.

There are other meanings as well, depending on forms.

According to Gavin Flood, 'Shiva is a god of ambiguity and paradox,' whose attributes include opposing themes. The ambivalent nature of this deity is apparent in some of his names and the stories told about him.


Nataraja & Mahakala, Wand & the Drum.

One of forms and roles of Shiva is Nataraja.

The depiction of Shiva as Nataraja (Sanskrit: naṭarāja, 'Lord of Dance') is popular. The names Nartaka ('dancer') and Nityanarta ('eternal dancer') appear in the Shiva Sahasranama. His association with dance and also with music is prominent in the Puranic period. In addition to the specific iconographic form known as Nataraja, various other types of dancing forms (Sanskrit: nṛtyamūrti) are found in all parts of India, with many well-defined varieties in Tamil Nadu in particular. The two most common forms of the dance are the Tandava, which later came to denote the powerful and masculine dance as Kala-Mahakala associated with the destruction of the world. When it requires the world or universe to be destroyed, Lord Śiva does it by the tāṇḍavanṛtya. and Lasya, which is graceful and delicate and expresses emotions on a gentle level and is considered the feminine dance attributed to the goddess Parvati. Lasya is regarded as the female counterpart of Tandava. The Tandava-Lasya dances are associated with the destruction-creation of the world.




A small drum shaped like an hourglass is known as a damaru.

This is one of the attributes of Shiva in his famous dancing representation known as Nataraja. A specific hand gesture (mudra) called ḍamaru-hasta (Sanskrit for 'ḍamaru-hand') is used to hold the drum. This drum is particularly used as an emblem by members of the Kāpālika sect.

In Tibetan Buddhism, the damaru is used as an instrument in tantric practices. A few of insights that i had was that world destruction is understood as ego destruction, world in my or someone else's head destruction & recreation.




Khaṭvāṅga is staff or wand used by Kāpālika sect as well.

..The Khatvanga (Skt.) could be called a magic wand or magicians' stick and represents the 'magic powers' or siddhis (Skt.) of an accomplished tantric practitioner.

'The shaft of the khatvangha has eight sides which represent the Noble Eightfold path (the fourth Noble Truth) and the eight classes of protectors.

At the end of the shaft is a dorje representing totality and completion. Along the shaft of the khatvangha are crossed dorjes, a gTérbum and three heads. The crossed dorjes are symbolic of the indestructibility of beginningless wisdom mind. The gTérbum is symbolic of wealth and enrichment. The three heads – one freshly severed, one rotting and one a skull – are the symbols of the three spheres of being, chö-ku, long-ku and trül-ku [Nirmanakaya, the middle one represents the Sambhogakaya, and the top one is a skull, representing the Dharmakaya] which are unified by the shaft of the khatvangha demonstrating their inseparability.

Streamers of the colours of the five elements hang from the khatvangha, as well as a bell and dorje which represent emptiness and form. At the top of the khatvangha are the three prongs which pierce the fabric of attraction, aversion and indifference. Hanging from the prongs are two pairs of rings. These signify the four philosophical extremes that are denied by Dharma: eternalism and nihilism, monism and dualism.

Finally the khatvangha is surmounted by wisdom fire – the fire that burns self-protection, justification and referentiality.'

The top of the khatvanga can be formed by a vajra or a trident (often depicted with flames around it)

Sources: Shiva on Wikipedia, Sadyojata on Wikipedia, Damaru on Wikipedia, A View on Buddhism. TANTRIC SYMBOLS, Kali, Kundalini, Serpent.


Mahakala is Wrathful Deity, Guardian & Protecting Energy in Buddhism, for example in the Karma Kagyu Lineage, Diamond Way Buddhism led by Buddha Karmapa, currently in 17th incarnation Trinley Thaye Dorje. Maha means 'Great' ... Kala is 'Death', 'Time', 'Black'. Mahakala is translated with names of 'Black Cloak' & 'Great Black' as well.