A Book of Shadows.

A Wiccan Pentagram Book of Shadows.


'A Book of Shadows is a personalized, handwritten book containing a witch's spells, rituals and wisdom. No two will be identical. The magical book passed down from generation to generation in the Halliwell family figured so prominently in the television series Charmed is an example of a Book of Shadows.

The concept underlying the Book of Shadows is that for centuries, people practicing witchcraft and/or Pagan religions were persecuted, and practices had to be kept secret, for safety's sake. (The Inquisition did not distinguish between witchcraft and Pagan religions, but equated the two.) Possession of any kind of magical or Pagan text could be grounds for conviction of witchcraft. The name 'Book of Shadows' refers to the necessity of keeping these books safely hidden in the shadows, rather than out in plain sight.

This concept is extremely controversial. Some believe the Book of Shadows tradition to be genuinely ancient. Others are convinced that the concept was invented by Gerald Gardner. For some people, that's irrelevant: Books of Shadows are beautiful and powerful, regardless of when the concept emerged. Still others believe that if Gardner invented the tradition, then it is inauthentic.

No ancient Books of Shadows have yet been discovered, although this in itself does not prove that the tradition is not old. When accused witches were killed, it was customary for any books they owned to be confiscated and burned. According to 17th-century Venetian Inquisition records, a woman named Laura Malpero was charged with witchcraft. When her home was searched, a copy of the banned grimoire The Key of Solomon was discovered along with a private, hand-written book of spells and rituals into which Laura had copied parts of that famous grimoire. Laura's book, which was destroyed, fits the definition of a Book of Shadows.'

-- Quoted from 'The Weiser Field Guide to witches' by Judika Illes.


See also, if You wish:
> [ Protecting Book of Shadows ],
> [ eBook of Shadows ].

Tree of Life & Genders.

Genders on Tree of Life,

... depending on the sources.


... see also if You wish or need, ... : Alchemy by neo-mahakala-108.

Fearless Death: Buddhist Wisdom on the Art of Dying.

Fearless Death: Buddhist Wisdom on the Art of Dying.

Denial of Service Hack.

Introduction: Infrastructure.


Web Pages & the Internet Applications are services generated by the Hardware-Software infrastructure.

There's a Computer connected to the Internet, that runs a web page server or an application server software, client browsers connect to it.

Hardware-software infrastructure 'serves' or in other words: 'sends' pages to users, where these are displayed in browser windows or tabs.

That's how users communicate with application in the other parts of the Internet.

What if there are too many users for an hardware-software infrastructure to handle the service efficiently ?

There are delays in a service, or even an application crash can occur disabling the service for longer.

In practice it's rare for an application service provider to face too many users challenge, more often delays & crashes are because of an attack, a Denial of Service Hack.


A Web Application Service.




A Web Application Server Software with a Sample Application it runs.


A Web Application Software in itself is not enough, there must be application that it can run,

That is ... a Web App Server + a Web Application + Computer Hardware & the Internet: it's what's needed to run a Internet Application Service.


Denial of Service Hack.


Let's examine a common attack route on the Internet Application, a Denial of Service Hack.




Tor's Hammer & it's usage.
(click on image to enlarge it).


TOR (The Onion Router) is a software tool that increases users' anonymity in the internet.

TOR's Hammer is a software script (a program) that attacks the software parts of the Internet Application Service, by creating a very many of the Internet Connections at once, delaying or preventing connections with legitimate users of the Internet Application Service.

TOR's Hammer can work with or without TOR infrastructure, with increased anonymity or without that an advantage.




... waiting,
... forever ?

an Internet Application Service during a DoS attack.


IP address spoofing.


Every IP datagram sent in the Internet contains a source and destination IP address in its header. The source is the original sender of the datagram and the destination is the intended recipient. So, ignoring the role of NAT, when your computer contacts a server on the Internet, that server knows your IP address as it is included in the source field of the IP datagram. In some cases you may want to change the source IP address included in the IP datagram (without changing your actual computer IP address). For example, this can be useful for network testing and diagnostics, security penetration testing and performing security attacks (for learning purposes only, of course). Setting the IP source address of datagrams to be a fake address is called address spoofing. In Linux it is very easy to do using iptables.

Address spoofing can be performed with a single command using iptables.

For example, to change the source address included in IP datagrams that one's computer sends to 1.1.1.1, one can use a following command:

$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j SNAT --to-source 1.1.1.1

Source: Address Spoofing with iptables in Linux.

(i've not tested this part of this hack as of yet).